Hydrate

When you see the word or suffix "Hydro" what does it make you think of? I automatically think about water. There are plenty of ways hydro is used in Chemistry. You can use it when you say hydrophobic (water fearing), Hydrophilic (water loving), or hydrate (water and compound combination). The official definition for a hydrate is a solid compound in which water molecules are trapped. When you write a hydrates formula you use a dot. You write the compound and after you put the dot then write the water formula and if there is more than one molecule of water then you write that number before the water compound. You have to write it like this because the mass of the water is included in the molar mass of the compound. So this way you won’t get the mass of the compound wrong. If you want to find the mass of the compound with the water then you find the mass of the compound then the mass of the water compound and add them together. If you want to find the mass of the compound without the water the first you have to find the mass of the compound with the water then find the mass of the water and subtract them. If you make the compound react to get a certain amount the you divide the mass of the compound only by the mass of the compound with the water the cross multiply that mass of what your trying to get from the reaction over "x" to see how much of the compound you will need to get that amount out of the reaction. We used this method in a hydrate lab. We had to determine the mass of CuSO subscript 4 with 5 water that would be needed to get 0.60 grams of anhydrous compound. First we had to mass the empty test tube then mass the compound in the test tube.

Once we got this measurement we subtracted then the set you the aporatious with the test tube and Bunsen burner. We moved the Bunsen burner around until all of the compound turned grey, let the test tube cool and remassed it.

My partner and I got the amount just right at 0.04 grams.

Isn't a Mole a type of rat?

What is a mole? Is it a animal? It rhyms with hole so does it have something to do with a hole? The way a mole is used in science is to get a common relative mass. The measurement for one mole is 6.02 x 10 raised to the 23 power. You can use the mole for atoms, molecules, and formula units.The molar mass is mass of one mole. The molar mass of an element is the same as the mass on the periodic table. To get the hang of it we did a lab to help us understand it better. First we had to find the molar mass of the Na(HCO subcript 3) and CO subscript 2. On oder to do that we mass the atomic mass bu the number of the element used and add the elements together and that gave us the molar mass. Then we found the theoretical percent of carbon dioxide/ sodium hydrogen carbonate. After we had to get about 4.0 grams of sodium hydrogen carbonate and put it in the Erlenmeyer flask. Next we put 40 mililiters of 3.0 M acetic acid into a 50 mililiter beaker, placed both the flask and th beaker on a tray and massed everything. After we massed everthing we took it all back to our station and poured the acetic acid into the flask slowly and waited for it to stop bubbling so that we knew the reaction had stopped. So we remassed everything subtracted the original mass from the mass of what was left after the reaction to get the mas of what was lost in the expirement. This experiment helped with the understanding of a mole because at the end we had to figure out how many moles where in the compounds and how many atoms or grams where in the one mole of the substance.

What kinds of attractions are these?

There are all different forces of attraction, There's an attraction between friends. magnets, a relationship, molecules, or atoms. In this particular blog I'm going to talk about the forces between molecules and atoms. The first is INTRAmolecular forces this creates an attraction between atoms, and is the stronger of the two. The attraction can be Ionic, Covalent, or Metallic. Ionic Bonds are strong and can be made only between metals and non-metals
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Covalent  bonds happen between non-metals and are fairly weak
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The Metallic bonds are a bond between the same type of atom. 
The INTERmolecular creates an attraction between molecules, this is the weaker of the two. INTERmolecular forces come in four different types: Ionic, Dispersion, Hydrogen Bonds, and Dipole-Dipole Forces. Ionic forces in a molecule are like the forces that hold a atom together, they only happen between a metal and a non-metal. Dispersion the the weakest force because it temporary. The bond can only take place between Non-Metal Molecules. When molecules are attracted together by dispersion an electron cloud forms at one end of the molecule making it slightly negative, while the molecule next to it becomes slightly positive on one end so they don't repel from each other. Hydrogen Bonds are the strongest. Hydrogen bonds can only take place between a Hydrogen atom and a Florine, Oxygen, or Nitrogen.
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Dipole-Dipole Forces are permanent and the second strongest compared to Hydrogen Bonds. They only happen between polar molecules which means the the molecule as a whole is not symmetric. They also arrange themselves so the slightly negative end of the molecule is attracted to the slightly positive end of the other molecule
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